Ants are some of the most prolific insects—in fact, there are over 1,000 species of ants native to North America alone. Though they are resourceful insects in the wild, they aren't welcome in most of our homes.
If you're tired of seeing ants in your home, trailing from the door to the kitchen in search of tiny specks of food, your best bet is to learn about the different types of ants and how to get rid of them. Chances are, you have one of the nine most common types of ants found in and around the home.
We round up common types of ants, from fire to carpenter, and a bit of information about each.
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Black Garden Ant
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This is the most commonly thought of "ant" when picturing the species. The black garden ant is an abundant, small ant that lives primarily outdoors in landscaping, under paving stones, and in soil. But, black ants can make their way inside if a large sugar presence is available. During the warm, summer months, you may spot these ants flying around—this is how they mate and form new colonies.
If you're finding black ants in your home, it is best to spray entrance points with ant killer and set out liquid bait traps to ensure the colony is eventually eliminated.
- 02 of 10
Pavement Ants
The pavement ant is one of the most common ants in the U.S. and is found in all 50 states. It has a brownish-black body and pale-colored legs and can be distinguished by the two spines at the end of its thorax (between its body parts). To get rid of pavement ants:
- Follow the ants' trail to identify the path they follow, even if you can’t find out where the ants are coming in.
- Place ant bait stations along the trail you identified, following all label directions. The workers will find the bait, carry it back to the nest, and feed the queen, eliminating her and future populations. If the ant trail leads you to an outdoor, below-ground nest, drenching the nest with an approved insecticide spray (following all label directions) can be effective.
Warning
Do not spray indoor ants, as you will just kill the workers, and more will be sent out to forage.
- 03 of 10
Fire Ants
Small red fire ants are aggressive and can deliver a nasty bite. Fire ants, as you could guess, are easily identified by their reddish-brown coloring. They have quite the stinging bite, and if they make their way into your home, they're often hunting for fats or sweets.
There are several natural ways to control a fire ant colony, should you happen to find one around your property.
- Food-grade diatomaceous earth can be sprinkled along ant-invaded areas, such as windowsills, corners, and kitchen cabinets. Other liquid pesticides will do the trick as well.
- Pouring boiling water over fire ants is a timeless trick to kill the colony as well.
- Fire ant baits are the most effective product for ant control because the worker ants will carry it back to the nest to feed—and poison—the nesting ants, eliminating the colony in that nest.
- A broadcast application of insecticide (labeled for fire ants) can be used in lawn areas where multiple nests are located or wider control is desired. This can also be used as a preventive control against ants that attempt to move into the area while the chemical is active. These tend to be granular products that are applied with a push-type fertilizer spreader, then watered.
- 04 of 10
Carpenter Ants
Carpenter ants nest in moist, decaying wood outdoors and in homes and buildings. If infestations grow and moisture spreads, they may also expand into sound wood or use it as a tunnel. These ants usually have more than one nesting site, including parent and satellite colonies. To control carpenter ants:
- Trim trees and shrubs away from the home, and caulk all wire and cable penetrations through exterior walls. Remove or repair aging or decaying wood on or around the home.
- Apply a liquid insecticide up the exterior walls around 3 feet and spray the ground up to 5 feet out around the perimeter of the home, using a product labeled for controlling carpenter ants. It's usually best to apply the insecticide in the spring and fall.
- Find the carpenter ant nest(s), and apply a chemical insecticide directly into it and along its tunnels and trails. However, because there can be multiple nests, it can be difficult to locate them all, particularly the main nest, which is often outdoors.
- Place insecticide baits labeled for carpenter ants in areas where they travel. This is recommended especially when the nests cannot be located.
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Odorous House Ants
The odorous house ant will nest just about anywhere: under stones, logs, mulch, or debris; in the nests of birds or mammals; and inside homes, in walls, window frames, and insulation. To control odorous house ants:
- Keep the ants out of your house in the first place trimming back trees and shrubbery away from the house.
- Use baits to kill ants that have gotten into the home. Ant baits can be purchased at most home and garden stores. Following all label directions, place the bait where ants have been seen to travel.
- Apply insecticide around the perimeter of the home and under the siding to help keep ants from crawling in. You can do this yourself or hire a pest control professional.
- Locate the ants' nests, if possible, and treat them with a properly labeled insecticide. In some cases, however, the ant species will have multiple colonies, so treating a single nest will not relieve the problem.
- 06 of 10
Thief Ants or Grease Ants
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Thief ants, or grease ants, that are found to be nesting indoors are best eliminated through baiting. This can be as simple as placing a small amount of greasy bait near the areas in which the ants have been seen. When controlling grease ants:
- Baits are not effective if the ant is nesting outdoors. Instead, the best option is to locate the nest and treat it directly. To locate a nest, follow the trail of ants backward from the food source.
- If the outdoor nest cannot be found, a perimeter treatment of the home can help to keep outdoor-nesting ants from coming indoors to forage for food—or set up new nests.
- 07 of 10
Pharaoh Ants
Pharaoh Ants Suman Ghosh/iStock/Getty Images Plus
Pharaoh ant colonies can get extremely large and include many nests. A single colony can have one or multiple queens, with populations numbering in the several thousand to several hundred thousand.
This ant expands its colony and creates new ones through budding: A queen and accompanying workers leave the current ant nest and walk to a new site to start a new colony. When controlling pharaoh ants:
- Use bait, the most effective method. The worker ants will carry the bait back to the nest to feed—and poison—the nesting ants, eliminating the entire colony instead of just the foragers.
- Drenching of the nest is not an effective treatment for ants that expand their colonies through budding. At any disturbance or threat, the ants can bud, and if it has multiple queens, you can end up with multiple ant colonies instead of the one you started with.
- 08 of 10
Ghost Ants
Victor Suarez Naranjo
Ghost ant colonies have multiple queens and multiple nests and are very mobile. Control is difficult because of the many nests that often make up a colony. Therefore, even a direct-nest spray treatment may not contact all members of all interrelated colonies.
Like the pharaoh ant, ghost ants expand their colonies through budding. The same control techniques used for pharaoh ants are effective for ghost ants.
Continue to 9 of 10 below - 09 of 10
Argentine Ants
Argentine ant colonies have many nets and many queens, numbering in the hundreds, with thousands of workers to tend them. Additionally, a colony that is eliminated within a structure will often soon be replaced by another colony. Therefore, it is critical that all Argentine ants in an area, both within and outside a building, be found and eliminated at once. Because Argentine ants expand through budding, control them using the same techniques used for controlling ghost ants or pharaoh ants.
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Field Ants
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Field ants build mounds in lawns that can extend up to 6 feet in diameter and as high as 2 feet tall. They also nest in firewood and other such piles. To control field ants:
- Completely saturate the ant mound with a pesticide labeled for mound application of field ants. Increase the amount of water, if necessary, so the insecticide completely penetrates the mound.
- Seal or repair of gaps, cracks or other ant entry points to help keep the ants out of your home.
- Apply non-repellent insecticide, labeled for this purpose, around the perimeter, up and along the foundation wall, around doorways and windows, and beneath the siding.